通过python-ldap操作管理AD/LDAP用户及组织结构

LDAP/AD是两种应用最广泛的认证服务器，AD是微软基于LDAP开发而成的，应用于Windows平台，而LDAP主要应用于Linux平台（LDAP用在Windows平台比较少）。既然AD是基于LDAP的扩展，则LDAP大部分协议，AD均可原生支持，这位我们操作和管理AD认证服务器提供了大大的便利。
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在软件开发过程中，很多公司都采用AD/LDAP用于自己的用户认证体系，本文重点研究通过Python语言提供的Python-Ldap框架，来操作和管理AD/LDAP中的用户，组织结构等，希望对大家有所帮助。

基本概念：

o– organization（组织-公司）
ou – organization unit（组织单元/部门）
c - countryName（国家）
dc - domainComponent（域名组件）
sn – suer name（真实名称）
cn - common name（常用名称）
dn - distinguished name（唯一标识）

AD和LDAP中的字段及含义：

用户表字段对应关系：

字段描述    表示值
唯一标识    dn
用户名 userPrincipalName(AD)/cn(LDAP)
密码  userPassword
真实姓名    displayName
工作地点    physicalDeliveryOfficeName
职务  title
邮箱  mail
个人电话    telephoneNumber
公司电话    homePhone

组织结构表对应关系：

字段描述    表示值
唯一标识    dn
组织名称    ou
组织描述    description

在AD中创建用户


import ldap
def create_ad_user(username, unicode_password, org_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port default:636
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    user = {}
    user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'organizationalPerson', 'user']
    user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
    user['userPrincipalName'] = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
    user['userAccountControl'] = '66048' # active user account
    user['unicodePwd'] = unicode_password
    ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
    ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
    print ret

在LDAP中创建用户

import ldap
def create_ldap_user(username, password, org_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
user = {}
user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'inetOrgPerson']
user['cn'] = username
user['sn'] = user['cn']
user['password'] = password
user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
print ret

修改AD/LDAP用户基本信息

import ldap
def modify_user(username):
firstname = 'Abel'
lastname = 'Lee'
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
cn = username
dn = 'cn=%s,ou=org1,dc=testad,dc=com' % cn
old = {'description': 'old description'}
new = {'description': 'new description'}
ldif = ldap.modifyModlist(old, new)
ret = l.modify_s(dn, ldif)
l.unbind_s()
print ret

删除AD/LDAP用户

import ldap
def delete_users(user_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
ret = l.delete_s(user_dn)
l.unbind_s()
print ret

查询AD用户信息

import ldap
def describe_ad_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=user)'
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
for username in usernames:
    username = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
    userPrincipalName = '(userPrincipalName=%s)' % username
    filterstr += userPrincipalName
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr += '))'
else:
    filterstr += ')'
if org_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
print ret

查询LDAP中的用户

import ldap
def describe_ldap_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=person)'
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
for cn in usernames:
    cn = '(cn=%s)' % cn
    filterstr += cn
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr += '))'
else:
    filterstr += ')'
if org_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
print ret

AD用户认证

import ldap
def login_ad(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
domain = 'testad.com'
username = '%s@%s' % (cn[1], domain)
ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"(userPrincipalName=%s)" % username, ["userPrincipalName"])
if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
    return False
return True

LDAP用户认证

import ldap
def login_ldap(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"%s=%s" % (cn[0], cn[1]))
if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
    return False
return True

设置AD用户密码，修改AD用户密码可以先认证再设置

import ldap
def set_ad_password(user_dn, unicode_password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
param_pwd = [(ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16]), (ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16])]
ret,_ = l.modify_s(user_dn, param_pwd)
print ret

设置LDAP用户密码

import ldap
def set_ldap_password(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.passwd_s(user_dn, None, password)

修改LDAP用户密码

import ldap
def modify_ldap_password(user_dn, old_password, new_password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.passwd_s(user_dn, old_password, new_password)

创建AD/LDAP组织结构

import ldap
def create_ou(parent_dn, ou):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
attrs= {'ou': ou}
attrs['description'] = 'this is description'
attrs['objectClass'] = ['organizationalUnit','top']
dn = 'ou=%s,%s' % (attrs['ou'], parent_dn)
ldif = modlist.addModlist(attrs)
ret, _ = l.add_s(dn,ldif)
print ret

修改AD/LDAP组织结构

import ldap
def modify_ou(attrs={'description': 'new_description'}):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
old_attrs = {'description': 'old_description'}
ldif = modlist.modifyModlist(old_attrs, attrs)
l.modify_s(dn,ldif)

删除AD/LDAP组织结构

import ldap
def delete_ou(dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0) 
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.delete_s(dn)

查询AD/LDAP组织结构

import ldap
def describe_ou(parent_dn='', org_DNS=[]):
ORGANIZATION_ATTRS = ['ou', 'description']
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit)'
for dn in org_dns:
    objectGUID = '(ou=%s)' % dn
    filterstr += objectGUID
filterstr += ')'
if parent_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(parent_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                   attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                   attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
print ret

修改用户所属组织结构

import ldap
def change_user_in_ou(user_dn, new_org_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0]
ret = l.rename_s(user_dn, cn, new_org_dn)
print ret

注意：AD和LDAP中如：创建用户，查询用户等操作，其使用端口和查询字段均有差异，还请格外注意，另外，代码如有不明确指出，欢迎留言讨论。

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通过python-ldap操作管理AD/LDAP用户及组织结构

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