SpringBoot与数据访问的用法
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1. JDBC
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-jdbc MySQL mysql-connector-java runtime
spring: datasource: username: root password: zhangjiahui url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.199.172:3306/jdbc driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
效果:
默认是用com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource作为数据源
数据源相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面
自动配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc
参考DataSourceConfiguration, 根据配置创建数据源,默认使用HikariDataSource;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型
SpringBoot默认可以支持以下几种数据源
org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
自定义数据源
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({DataSource.class}) @ConditionalOnProperty( name = {"spring.datasource.type"} ) static class Generic { Generic() { } @Bean public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) { //使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type数据源,并且绑定相关属性 return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); } }
DataSourceInitializerInvoker
DataSourceAutoConfiguration
@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ DataSource.class, EmbeddedDatabaseType.class }) @EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class) @Import({ DataSourcePoolMetadataProvidersConfiguration.class, DataSourceInitializationConfiguration.class }) public class DataSourceAutoConfiguration {
DataSourceInitializationConfiguration
@Configuration @Import({ DataSourceInitializerInvoker.class, DataSourceInitializationConfiguration.Registrar.class }) class DataSourceInitializationConfiguration {
DataSourceInitializerInvoker
/** * Bean to handle {@link DataSource} initialization by running {@literal schema-*.sql} on * {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} and {@literal data-*.sql} SQL scripts on * a {@link DataSourceSchemaCreatedEvent}. * * @author Stephane Nicoll * @see DataSourceAutoConfiguration */ class DataSourceInitializerInvoker implements ApplicationListener, InitializingBean { @Override public void onApplicationEvent(DataSourceSchemaCreatedEvent event) { // NOTE the event can happen more than once and // the event datasource is not used here DataSourceInitializer initializer = getDataSourceInitializer(); if (!this.initialized && initializer != null) { initializer.initSchema(); this.initialized = true; } }
DataSourceInitializerInvoker将为我们自动创建表并初始化数据,只需要我们将脚本以特定的命名方法,放置在指定的目录即可:
默认放在classpath路径下,命名规则如下:
建表脚本:schema-*.sql
初始化数据脚本:data-*.sql
自定义路径:
spring: datasource: schema: - classpath:db/department.sql - classpath:db/init_department.sql
SpringBoot2.X重要设置项:spring.datasource.initialization-mode 初始化模式(springboot2.0),其中有三个值,always为始终执行初始化,embedded只初始化内存数据库(默认值),如h3等,never为不执行初始化。
注:mysql数据库对大小写敏感
JdbcTemplate自动注入
@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ DataSource.class, JdbcTemplate.class }) @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(DataSource.class) @AutoConfigureAfter(DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class) public class JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration {
2. 整合基本Druid数据源
Druid数据源配置:
引入数据源
com.alibaba druid 1.1.12 数据源属性绑定
@Configuration public class DruidConfig { @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean public DataSource druid() { return new DruidDataSource(); } }
属性配置
spring: datasource: initialSize: 5 minIdle: 5 maxActive: 20 maxWait: 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunMillis: 60000 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000 validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL testWhileIdle: true testOnBorrow: false testOnReturn: false poolPreparedStatements: true #配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,‘wall’用于防火墙 filters: stat,wall,log4j2 maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20 useGlobalDataSourceStat: true connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
配置Servlet和Filter
@Configuration public class DruidConfig { @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet() { ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*"); MapinitParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("loginUsername", "admin"); initParams.put("loginPassword", "admin"); initParams.put("allow", ""); initParams.put("deny", ""); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter() { FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); Map initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("exclusions", "*.js,*.png,*.io,/druid/*"); bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter()); bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*")); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } }
3. 整合Mybatis
org.mybatis.spring.boot mybatis-spring-boot-starter 1.3.2
依赖关系:
步骤:
1. 引入依赖、配置属性(见上一节)
2. 建数据库表
3. 创建JavaBean:Department/Employee
4. 实现增删改查
1. 注解版
Mapper
//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("SELECT * FROM department WHERE id=#{id}") public Department getDeptById(Integer id); @Delete("DELETE FROM department WHERE id=#{id}") public int deleteDeptById(Integer id); @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id") @Insert("INSERT INTO department(departmentName) VALUES(#{departmentName})") public int insertDept(Department dept); @Update("UPDATE department SET departmentName=${departmentName} WHERE id=${id}") public int updateDept(Department dept); }
Controller
@RestController public class DeptController { @Autowired DepartmentMapper departmentMapper; @GetMapping("/dept/{id}") public Department getDept(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return departmentMapper.getDeptById(id); } @GetMapping("/dept") public Department insertDept(Department department) { departmentMapper.insertDept(department); return department; } }
自定义Mybatis配置方法
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration public class MybatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer() { return new ConfigurationCustomizer() { @Override public void customize(Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true); } }; } }
2. 配置文件版
Mapper
//@Mapper或者@MapperScan将接口扫描装配到容器中 public interface EmployeeMapper { public Employee getEmpById(Integer id); public void insertEmp(Employee employee); }
Controller
@Controller public class EmpController { @Autowired EmployeeMapper employeeMapper; @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/emp/{id}") public Employee getEmp(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) { Employee employee = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id); return employee; } }
mybatis主配置文件mybatis-config.xml
mapper配置文件EmployeeMapper.xml
INSERT INTO employee(last_name, email, gender, department_id, birth) VALUES(#{lastName}, #{email}, #{gender}, #{departmentId}, CURRENT_DATE);
主配置文件及mapper文件路径指定
#mybatis相关配置,都以mybatis开头 mybatis: #指定主配置文件路径 config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml #指定mapper配置文件路径(数组,可使用通配符进行匹配) mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
5. 指定Mapper的两种方法
使用@Mapper注解
//直接将@Mapper注解加在接口类上,指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("SELECT * FROM department WHERE id=#{id}") public Department getDeptById(Integer id); @Delete("DELETE FROM department WHERE id=#{id}") public int deleteDeptById(Integer id); @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id") @Insert("INSERT INTO department(departmentName) VALUES(#{departmentName})") public int insertDept(Department dept); @Update("UPDATE department SET departmentName=${departmentName} WHERE id=${id}") public int updateDept(Department dept); }
使用@MapperScan(value="mapper-package")注解
//在SpringBoot主程序上添加注解@MapperScan(value="mapper-package") //则mapper-package包下所有类都会被标识为mapper @MapperScan(value = "com.qiang.springboot.mapper") @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args); } }
4. 整合JPA
1. Spring Data简介
2. 整合Spring Data JPA
JPA是基于ORM(Object Relational Mapping)思想的
编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类) @Table(name = "tbl_user") //指定和哪个数据表相对应,如果省略此注解,则默认使用小写类名作为映射表名 public class User { /** * @Id : 告诉JPA这是一个主键字段 * @GeneratedValue : 设置自增 */ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //设置自增 private Integer id; /** * @Column : 和数据表中某列对应的属性,默认属性名就是列名 */ @Column private String lastName; /** * @Column : 可使用name指定列名,使用length指定列长度 */ @Column(name = "user_email", length = 50) private String email; //getter & setter //... }
编写一个dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)
//Repository必须是一个接口 //继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作 public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository{ }
基本的配置JpaProperties
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.199.172:3306/jpa username: root password: zhangjiahui driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jpa: hibernate: #更新或者创建数据表结构 ddl-auto: update #在控制台显示SQL show-sql: true
JPA 2.x版本后 findOne() 的变化
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