利用栈计算算数表达式的值
先将中缀表达式利用栈转换为后缀表达式,然后再利用栈由后缀表达式计算算数表达式的值,具体代码如下:
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#includeusing namespace std; #include #include #include enum Type { OP_NUM, OP_SYMBOL, }; enum Operat { ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, }; struct Cell { Type _type; int _num; }; //input = 1 + ((2 + 3) * 4) - 5; //中缀到后缀 string topolishNotation(const char* input) { stack s1; //运算符 stack s2; //数字 size_t iCount = 0; while (input[iCount] != '\0') { //是数字将其压入s2 if (input[iCount] >= '0'&& input[iCount] <= '9') { while (input[iCount] != '\0' && input[iCount] >= '0'&& input[iCount] <= '9') { s2.push(input[iCount++]); } s2.push(' '); --iCount; //最后会统一加1,所以先减一 } //是运算符比较其与S1栈顶运算符的优先级 while (input[iCount] == '+' || input[iCount] == '-' || input[iCount] == '*' || input[iCount] == '/') { //s1为空,或栈顶运算符为左括号“(”,则直接将此运算符入栈 if (s1.empty() || s1.top() == '(') { s1.push(input[iCount]); break; } //否则,若优先级比栈顶运算符的高,也将运算符压入s1 else if ((input[iCount] == '*' || input[iCount] == '/') && (s1.top() == '+' || s1.top() == '-')) { s1.push(input[iCount]); break; } //否则,将S1栈顶的运算符弹出并压入到S2中,再次与S1中新的栈顶运算符相比较 else { s2.push(s1.top()); s1.pop(); } } //如果是左括号“(”,则直接压入S1; if (input[iCount] == '(') { s1.push(input[iCount]); } /*如果是右括号“)”,则依次弹出S1栈顶的运算符,并压入S2, *直到遇到左括号为止,此时将这一对括号丢弃;*/ if (input[iCount] == ')') { while (s1.top() != '(') { s2.push(s1.top()); s1.pop(); } s1.pop(); //将'('也出栈 } ++iCount; //统一加一次 } //将S1中剩余的运算符依次弹出并压入S2; while (!s1.empty()) { s2.push(s1.top()); s1.pop(); } string ret; while (!s2.empty()) { ret.push_back(s2.top()); s2.pop(); } reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end()); return ret; } //后缀到数组 vector StrBehindToVect(const string& strBehind) { vector | call; size_t iCount = 0; while (strBehind[iCount] != '\0') { if (strBehind[iCount] >= '0' && strBehind[iCount] <= '9') { int ret = 0; while (strBehind[iCount] != '\0' && strBehind[iCount] >= '0' && strBehind[iCount] <= '9') { ret = ret * 10 + strBehind[iCount] - '0'; ++iCount; } call.push_back({ OP_NUM, ret }); --iCount; } else if (strBehind[iCount] == '+') { call.push_back({ OP_SYMBOL, ADD }); } else if (strBehind[iCount] == '-') { call.push_back({ OP_SYMBOL, SUB }); } else if (strBehind[iCount] == '*') { call.push_back({ OP_SYMBOL, MUL }); } else if (strBehind[iCount] == '/') { call.push_back({ OP_SYMBOL, DIV }); } ++iCount; } return call; } //计算值 int RPNCount(const vector | & array, size_t size) { stack | val; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { if (array[i]._type == OP_NUM) { val.push(array[i]._num); } else { int right = val.top(); val.pop(); switch (array[i]._num) { case ADD: val.top() += right; break; case SUB: val.top() -= right; break; case MUL: val.top() *= right; break; case DIV: if (right == 0) { throw(array[i]); } val.top() /= right; break; default: cout << "请输入合法字符" << endl; exit(0); }/*switch*/ } } return val.top(); } int main() { string strMid = "12 * (3 + 4) - 6 + 8 / 2"; string strBehind = topolishNotation(strMid.c_str()); vector call = StrBehindToVect(strBehind); try { int ret = RPNCount(call, call.size()); cout << ret << endl; } catch (Cell) { cout << "除数为0!" << endl; } system("pause"); return 0; } |
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