Oracle密码文件有什么用
这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Oracle密码文件有什么用,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
成都创新互联是创新、创意、研发型一体的综合型网站建设公司,自成立以来公司不断探索创新,始终坚持为客户提供满意周到的服务,在本地打下了良好的口碑,在过去的十多年时间我们累计服务了上千家以及全国政企客户,如成都石牌坊等企业单位,完善的项目管理流程,严格把控项目进度与质量监控加上过硬的技术实力获得客户的一致赞赏。
--==============================
-- Oracle密码文件
--==============================
/*
一、密码文件
作用:主要进行DBA权限的身份认证
DBA用户:具有sysdba,sysoper权限的用户被称为dba用户。默认情况下sysdba角色中存在sys用户,sysoper角色中存在system用户
二、Oracle的两种认证方式;
1.使用与操作系统集成的身份验证
2.使用Oracle数据库的密码文件进行身份认证
三、密码文件的位置
Linux下的存放位置:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID
即:ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw
Windows下的存放位置:$ORACLE_HOME/database/PWD%ORACLE_SID%.ora
密码文件查找的顺序
--->orapw
两种认证方式:类似于SQL server中的windows认证和SQL server认证
决定在两个参数中
1.remote_login_passwordfile = none | exclusive |shared 位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora参数文件中
none : 不使用密码文件认证
exclusive :要密码文件认证,自己独占使用(默认值)
shared :要密码文件认证,不同实例dba用户可以共享密码文件
2. $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = none | all | ntf(windows)
none : 表示关闭操作系统认证,只能密码认证
all : 用于linux或unix平台,关闭本机密码文件认证,采用操作系统认证,但远程<异机>可以使用密码文件认证
nts : 用于windows平台
不同的组合
1 2
none none sys用户无论是本机还是远程均不可用
四、演示:实验判断当前使用的是操作系统认证还是密码认证
1.在sqlnet.ora中追加SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = none
oracle@testdb admin]$ vi sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = none
~
"sqlnet.ora" [New] 1L, 39C written
[oracle@testdb admin]$
--使用操作系统登陆认证,失败
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:26:22 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01017: 用户名/口令无效; 登录被拒绝
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
[oracle@testdb admin]$
--改用密码认证登陆,成功。
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:27:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
2.将SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES的值改为all
[oracle@testdb admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = all
[oracle@testdb admin]$
[oracle@testdb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
DBDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.12)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DBdb)
)
)
testdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DBdb)
)
)
[oracle@testdb admin]$
DBDB是连接到远程的数据库的tns
testdb是连接到本机数据库的tns;
--使用操作系统登陆认证,成功。
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@testdb admin]$
--使用本机密码认证,成功;
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:40:35 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
--使用本机密码认证加本机tns连接,失败;
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@testdb as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:17 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
--使用客户端远程密码连接方式连接本机,成功:
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.56.28/DBdb
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 12月 26 10:16:53 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
--使用tns连接到其他数据库的tns,成功;
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@DBDB as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:43 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
五、密码文件的建立:orapwd */
[oracle@testdb ~]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file=
where
file - name of password file (mand), /*密码文件的名字orapw
password - password for SYS will be prompted if not specified at command line, /*sys用户的密码*/
entries - maximum number of distinct DBA (optional), /*可以有多少个sysdba,sysoper权限用户放到密码文件中去,去掉重复记录*/
/*注意entries中存放的个数但不是实际个数,这个是二进制数据*/
force - whether to overwrite existing file (optional),/*10g新增的参数,默认值为n ,y表示允许覆盖*/
ignorecase - passwords are case-insensitive (optional),
nosysdba - whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).
There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.
关于“Oracle密码文件有什么用”这篇文章就分享到这里了,希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助,使各位可以学到更多知识,如果觉得文章不错,请把它分享出去让更多的人看到。
文章标题:Oracle密码文件有什么用
本文来源:http://ybzwz.com/article/godcgh.html