Zabbix-Server数据库mysql的libdata1mysqllog文件过大
今天我们的zabbix-server机器上线半年时间，占用了500G空间，我一步步排查结果发现是/var/lib/MySQL/下的libdata1文件过大，已经达到了300G。我立即想到了zabbix的数据库原因，zabbix的数据库他的表模式是共享表空间模式，随着数据增长，ibdata1越来越大，性能方面会有影响，而且innodb把数据和索引都放在ibdata1下。
成都创新互联公司10多年企业网站建设服务;为您提供网站建设,网站制作,网页设计及高端网站定制服务,企业网站建设及推广,对成都餐厅设计等多个领域拥有多年的网站推广经验的网站建设公司。
共享表空间模式：
InnoDB 默认会将所有的数据库InnoDB引擎的表数据存储在一个共享空间中：ibdata1，这样就感觉不爽，增删数据库的时候，ibdata1文件不会自动收缩，单个数据库的备份也将成为问题。通常只能将数据使用mysqldump 导出，然后再导入解决这个问题。
独立表空间模式：
优点：
1.每个表都有自已独立的表空间。
2.每个表的数据和索引都会存在自已的表空间中。
3.可以实现单表在不同的数据库中移动。
4.空间可以回收（drop/truncate table方式操作表空间不能自动回收）
5.对于使用独立表空间的表，不管怎麽删除，表空间的碎片不会太严重的影响性能，而且还有机会处理。
缺点：
单表增加比共享空间方式更大。
结论：
共享表空间在Insert操作上有一些优势，但在其它都没独立表空间表现好，所以我们要改成独立表空间。
当启用独立表空间时，请合理调整一下innodb_open_files 参数。
下面我们来讲下如何讲zabbix数据库修改成独立表空间模式
查看文件大小
l 查看系统空间利用率
[root@zabbix ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_zabbix-lv_root 1000G 468G 482G 50% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
查看文件空间占用情况
[root@zabbix ~]# du / -h --max-depth=1
12K /.dbus
4.0K /selinux
1.7M /tmp
du: cannot access `/proc/7012/task/7012/fd/4': No suchfile or directory
du: cannot access `/proc/7012/task/7012/fdinfo/4': Nosuch file or directory
du: cannot access `/proc/7012/fd/4': No such file ordirectory
du: cannot access `/proc/7012/fdinfo/4': No such fileor directory
0 /proc
4.0K /media
4.0K /srv
8.0K /mnt
1.2G /root
0 /net
36K /home
39M /etc
462G /var
29M /boot
1.1G /backup
7.7M /bin
16K /lost+found
3.5G /usr
0 /misc
27M /lib64
0 /sys
8.0K /opt
15M /sbin
164K /dev
149M /lib
468G /
[root@zabbix ~]# cd /var/
[root@zabbix var]# du . -h --max-depth=1
504K ./spool
139G ./log
4.0K ./tmp
8.0K ./db
103M ./www
244K ./run
16K ./lock
4.0K ./crash
4.0K ./account
4.0K ./local
12K ./yp
33M ./cache
4.0K ./preserve
4.0K ./cvs
4.0K ./games
4.0K ./gdm
4.0K ./opt
8.0K ./empty
324G ./lib
4.0K ./nis
463G .
[root@zabbix var]# cd log/
[root@zabbix log]# ll
total 145373448
-rw-------. 1 root root 2368 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.ifcfg.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 35914 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 181001 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.program.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 300366 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.storage.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 114857 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.syslog
-rw-------. 1 root root 28547 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.xlog
-rw-------. 1 root root 115596 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.yum.log
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 5 19:50 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 2607 Jun 5 07:00 boot.log
-rw------- 1root utmp 0 Jun 1 03:31 btmp
-rw------- 1root utmp 768 May 5 18:38 btmp-20170601
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 ConsoleKit
-rw------- 1root root 24280 Jun 5 10:30 cron
-rw------- 1root root 128516 May 14 03:23 cron-20170514
-rw------- 1root root 129746 May 21 03:40 cron-20170521
-rw------- 1root root 128931 May 28 03:12 cron-20170528
-rw------- 1root root 129139 Jun 4 03:31 cron-20170604
drwxr-xr-x. 2 lp sys 4096 Aug 17 2013 cups
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 69891 Jun 5 07:00 dmesg
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 69891 May 29 07:00 dmesg.old
-rw------- 1root root 0 Jan 1 03:32 dracut.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 345367 Oct 24 2016 dracut.log-20170101
drwxrwx--T. 2 root gdm 4096 Oct 24 2016 gdm
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jun 4 03:31 httpd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 145708 Jun 5 10:03 lastlog
-rw------- 1root root 1629 Jun 5 07:00 maillog
-rw------- 1root root 4465 May 13 08:19 maillog-20170514
-rw------- 1root root 5153 May 20 06:42 maillog-20170521
-rw------- 1root root 5153 May 27 06:30 maillog-20170528
-rw------- 1root root 5158 Jun 3 06:28 maillog-20170604
-rw------- 1root root 78017 Jun 5 10:05 messages
-rw------- 1root root 1317112 May 14 03:05 messages-20170514
-rw------- 1root root 1068946 May 21 03:06 messages-20170521
-rw------- 1root root 86245 May 28 03:05 messages-20170528
-rw------- 1root root 86065 Jun 4 03:06 messages-20170604
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 148857106048 Jun 5 10:30mysqld.log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ntp ntp 4096 Nov 24 2013 ntpstats
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 89 Oct 24 2016 pm-powersave.log
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Aug 23 2010 ppp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 prelink
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 5 00:00 sa
drwx------. 3 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 samba
-rw------- 1root root 855 Jun 5 10:03 secure
-rw------- 1root root 1855 May 12 18:54 secure-20170514
-rw------- 1root root 207 May 15 07:00 secure-20170521
-rw------- 1root root 1455 May 27 19:02 secure-20170528
-rw------- 1root root 1503 May 31 23:22 secure-20170604
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 spice-vdagent.log
-rw------- 1root root 0 Jun 4 03:31 spooler
-rw------- 1root root 0 May 7 03:47 spooler-20170514
-rw------- 1root root 0 May 14 03:23 spooler-20170521
-rw------- 1root root 0 May 21 03:40 spooler-20170528
-rw------- 1root root 0 May 28 03:12 spooler-20170604
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Nov 23 2013 sssd
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 tallylog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 wpa_supplicant.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root utmp 325632 Jun 5 10:03 wtmp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45892 Oct 25 2016 Xorg.0.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 44521 Oct 24 2016 Xorg.0.log.old
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26974 Oct 24 2016 Xorg.9.log
-rw------- 1root root 1663 Apr 12 15:04 yum.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 6936 Dec 2 2016yum.log-20170101
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zabbix zabbix 4096 Oct 28 2016 zabbix
mysql.log日志文件占用空间过大，查看详细日志内容
[root@zabbix log]# tail mysqld.log
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may havecopied the InnoDB
InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See
InnoDB:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html
InnoDB: for more information.
170605 10:30:29 InnoDB: Error: page 14091764 log sequence number 462 2253153679
InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequencenumber 76 3553747713.
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may havecopied the InnoDB
InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See
InnoDB:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html
InnoDB: for more information.
查看数据库文件夹硬盘空间使用情况
[root@zabbix log]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@zabbix mysql]# ll -h
total 324G
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 324G Jun 5 15:15 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1mysql mysql 5.0M Jun 5 15:15 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1mysql mysql 5.0M Jun 5 15:15 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Oct 28 2016 mysql
srwxrwxrwx 1mysql mysql 0 Jun 5 14:54 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Jun 5 12:39 zabbix
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 251M Jun 5 15:15 zabbix02.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 0 Jun 5 15:06 zabbix.sql
发现ibdata1 文件占用空间过大
2.清除zabbix数据库历史数据
1)查看哪些表的历史数据比较多
mysql> SELECT table_name AS "Tables",round(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024), 2) "Size in MB"FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema = 'zabbix' ORDER BY(data_length + index_length) DESC;
+----------------------------+------------+
| Tables | Size in MB |
+----------------------------+------------+
| events | 181851.00 |
| history_uint | 92227.30 |
| history | 4590.27|
| trends_uint | 3851.88 |
| history_str | 309.39 |
| trends | 156.75 |
| history_log | 89.17 |
| items | 36.41 |
| item_discovery | 6.23 |
| items_applications | 6.17 |
| alerts | 3.45 |
| triggers | 1.69 |
| p_w_picpaths | 1.53 |
| application_template | 0.63 |
| auditlog | 0.55 |
| acknowledges | 0.55 |
| functions | 0.48 |
| graphs | 0.47 |
| graphs_items | 0.44 |
| applications | 0.41 |
| hosts | 0.33 |
| hosts_groups | 0.27 |
| hostmacro | 0.22 |
| history_text | 0.22 |
| trigger_discovery | 0.20 |
| screens_items | 0.16 |
| profiles | 0.16 |
| graph_discovery | 0.13 |
| auditlog_details | 0.13 |
| hosts_templates | 0.11 |
| sysmaps_elements | 0.09 |
| host_discovery | 0.09 |
| interface | 0.09 |
| httptest | 0.08 |
| sysmaps | 0.08 |
| sysmaps_links | 0.06 |
| scripts | 0.06 |
| group_prototype | 0.06 |
| interface_discovery | 0.06 |
| drules | 0.05 |
| icon_mapping | 0.05 |
| users_groups | 0.05 |
| slideshows | 0.05 |
| media | 0.05 |
| icon_map | 0.05 |
| service_alarms | 0.05 |
| opgroup | 0.05 |
| slideshow_usrgrp | 0.05 |
| httptestitem | 0.05 |
| sysmaps_link_triggers | 0.05 |
| item_application_prototype | 0.05 |
| slideshow_user | 0.05 |
| application_prototype | 0.05 |
| maintenances_windows | 0.05 |
| slides | 0.05 |
| application_discovery | 0.05 |
| maintenances_hosts | 0.05 |
| httpstepitem | 0.05 |
| screens | 0.05 |
| config | 0.05 |
| trigger_depends | 0.05 |
| optemplate | 0.05 |
| maintenances_groups | 0.05 |
| sysmap_usrgrp | 0.05 |
| screen_usrgrp | 0.05 |
| opcommand_hst | 0.05 |
| opmessage_usr | 0.05 |
| actions | 0.05 |
| maintenances | 0.05 |
| sysmap_user | 0.05 |
| screen_user | 0.05 |
| opcommand_grp | 0.05 |
| services_links | 0.05 |
| dservices | 0.05 |
| opmessage_grp | 0.05 |
| rights | 0.05 |
| services | 0.03 |
| opmessage | 0.03 |
| usrgrp | 0.03 |
| sysmap_element_url | 0.03 |
| regexps | 0.03 |
| media_type | 0.03 |
| dhosts | 0.03 |
| proxy_history | 0.03 |
| item_condition | 0.03 |
| users | 0.03 |
| globalmacro | 0.03 |
| proxy_dhistory | 0.03 |
| mappings | 0.03 |
| groups | 0.03 |
| dchecks | 0.03 |
| proxy_autoreg_host | 0.03 |
| operations | 0.03 |
| expressions | 0.03 |
| group_discovery | 0.03 |
| opconditions | 0.03 |
| sessions | 0.03 |
| httpstep | 0.03 |
| conditions | 0.03 |
| services_times | 0.03 |
| escalations | 0.03 |
| autoreg_host | 0.03 |
| valuemaps | 0.03 |
| sysmap_url | 0.03 |
| graph_theme | 0.03 |
| opcommand | 0.03 |
| timeperiods | 0.02 |
| opinventory | 0.02 |
| globalvars | 0.02 |
| host_inventory | 0.02 |
| dbversion | 0.02 |
| housekeeper | 0.02 |
| ids | 0.02 |
+----------------------------+------------+
113 rows in set (7.31 sec)
可以看到events、history和history_uint这三个表的历史数据最多。
由于数据量太大，按照普通的方式delete数据的话基本上不太可能。
所以决定直接采用truncatetable的方式来快速清空这些表的数据，再使用mysqldump导出数据，删除共享表空间数据文件，重新导入数据。其中events空间过大，尝试truncatetable无果，果断抛弃
2）停止相关服务，避免写入数据
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/zabbix_server stop
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd stop
3）清空历史数据
[root@zabbix ~]#mysql -uroot -p
mysql > use zabbix;
Database changed
mysql > truncate table history;
Query OK, 123981681 rows affected (0.23 sec)
mysql > optimize table history;
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql > truncate table history_uint;
Query OK, 57990562 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql > optimize table history_uint;
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
3.备份数据库
[root@zabbix~]#mysqldump -uroot -p zabbix > /data/zabbix.sql
4.停止数据库并删除共享表空间数据文件
1)停止数据库
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
2）删除共享表空间数据文件
[root@zabbix ~]#cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@zabbix ~]#rm -rf ib*
[root@zabbix ~]#mkdir /tmp/zabbix
[root@zabbix ~]#mv zabbix/* /tmp/zabbix
5.增加innodb_file_per_table参数
[root@zabbix ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下设置
innodb_file_per_table=1
6.启动mysql
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
7.查看innodb_file_per_table参数是否生效
[root@zabbix ~]#mysql -uroot -p
mysql> show variables like '%per_table%';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.重新导入数据库
mysql >use zabbix;
mysql >source mysql.sql
9.最后，恢复相关服务进程
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/zabbix_server start
[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd start
恢复完服务之后，查看/分区的容量就下去了，之前是50%，处理完之后变成了2%。可见其成效
[root@zabbix ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_zabbix-lv_root 1000G 13G 936G 2% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
mysql> select table_name, (data_length+index_length)/1024/1024 as total_mb,table_rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix' order bytable_rows;
+----------------------------+---------------+------------+
| table_name | total_mb | table_rows |
+----------------------------+---------------+------------+
| slideshows | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| globalvars | 0.01562500 | 0 |
| proxy_history | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| icon_map | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| sysmaps_links | 0.06250000 | 0 |
| service_alarms | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| opinventory | 0.01562500 | 0 |
| slideshow_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| proxy_dhistory | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| sysmaps_link_triggers | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| proxy_autoreg_host | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| application_prototype | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| maintenances_windows | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| item_application_prototype | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| host_inventory | 0.01562500 | 0 |
| slideshow_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| application_discovery | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| maintenances_hosts | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| opconditions | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| slides | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| maintenances_groups | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| sysmap_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| screen_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| opcommand_hst | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| maintenances | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| housekeeper | 0.01562500 | 0 |
| sysmap_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| screen_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| opcommand_grp | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| services_times | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| escalations | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| sysmap_url | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| opcommand | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| services_links | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| sysmap_element_url | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| icon_mapping | 0.04687500 | 0 |
| timeperiods | 0.01562500 | 0 |
| services | 0.03125000 | 0 |
| httptest | 0.07812500 | 1 |
| sysmaps_elements | 0.09375000 | 1 |
| dbversion | 0.01562500 | 1 |
| sysmaps | 0.07812500 | 1 |
| config | 0.04687500 | 1 |
| autoreg_host | 0.03125000 | 1 |
| globalmacro | 0.03125000 | 2 |
| optemplate | 0.04687500 | 2 |
| opmessage_usr | 0.04687500 | 2 |
| graph_theme | 0.03125000 | 2 |
| media | 0.04687500 | 3 |
| users_groups | 0.04687500 | 3 |
| httptestitem | 0.04687500 | 3 |
| scripts | 0.06250000 | 3 |
| dchecks | 0.03125000 | 3 |
| opgroup | 0.04687500 | 3 |
| users | 0.03125000 | 3 |
| httpstep | 0.03125000 | 3 |
| regexps | 0.03125000 | 3 |
| media_type | 0.03125000 | 3 |
| drules | 0.04687500 | 3 |
| expressions | 0.03125000 | 4 |
| opmessage_grp | 0.04687500 | 4 |
| usrgrp | 0.03125000 | 5 |
| opmessage | 0.03125000 | 6 |
| httpstepitem | 0.04687500 | 9 |
| actions | 0.04687500 | 9 |
| dhosts | 0.03125000 | 12 |
| operations | 0.03125000 | 14 |
| dservices | 0.04687500 | 14 |
| group_prototype | 0.06250000 | 15 |
| conditions | 0.03125000 | 17 |
| rights | 0.04687500 | 17 |
| group_discovery | 0.03125000 | 19 |
| valuemaps | 0.03125000 | 21 |
| screens | 0.04687500 | 24 |
| groups | 0.03125000 | 31 |
| item_condition | 0.03125000 | 31 |
| sessions | 0.03125000 | 39 |
| ids | 0.01562500 | 46 |
| trigger_depends | 0.04687500 | 51 |
| mappings | 0.03125000 | 100 |
| hosts_templates | 0.12500000 | 181 |
| p_w_picpaths | 1.53125000 | 192 |
| host_discovery | 0.09375000 | 361 |
| interface_discovery | 0.06250000 | 515 |
| hosts | 0.32812500 | 516 |
| profiles | 0.17187500 | 659 |
| interface | 0.09375000 | 691 |
| auditlog_details | 0.12500000 | 707 |
| events | 0.17187500 | 759 |
| screens_items | 0.15625000 | 805 |
| history_text | 0.18750000 | 1201 |
| graph_discovery | 0.12500000 | 1217 |
| graphs | 0.46875000 | 1330 |
| hosts_groups | 0.26562500 | 1381 |
| hostmacro | 0.21875000 | 1569 |
| trigger_discovery | 0.20312500 | 2017 |
| acknowledges | 0.54687500 | 2408 |
| auditlog | 0.53125000 | 2546 |
| graphs_items | 0.43750000 | 2706 |
| triggers | 0.68750000 | 2900 |
| functions | 0.50000000 | 3134 |
| application_template | 0.51562500 | 4364 |
| applications | 0.42187500 | 4512 |
| history | 0.46875000 | 4780 |
| alerts | 3.46875000 | 6242 |
| item_discovery | 5.54687500 | 26567 |
| items_applications | 6.54687500 | 30181 |
| items | 24.12500000 | 34425 |
| history_uint | 12.03125000 | 123327 |
当前名称：Zabbix-Server数据库mysql的libdata1mysqllog文件过大
网站地址：http://ybzwz.com/article/goccee.html
