ElasticSearch常用操作:索引篇
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0 说明
基于es 5.4和5.6,参考两份资料,《从Lucene到Elasticsearch全文检索实战》和官方文档
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/indices.html (官方文档相当精彩,不容错过!)。
1 创建索引
PUT my_index
Note1:索引不能有大写字母;
Note2:es默认给索引设置5个分片1个副本;
NOte3:索引分片数一经指定后不能再修改,但副本数可以通过命令随时修改;
可以添加settings配置:
PUT my_index
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 1
}
}
2 更新索引副本数
PUT my_index/_settings
{
"number_of_replicas": 2
}
3 读写权限设置
权限参数如下:
参数设置 | 说明 |
---|---|
blocks.read_only:true | 为true时,设置当前索引只允许读不允许写或者更新 |
blocks.read:true | 为true时,禁止对当前索引进行读操作 |
blocks.write:true | 为true时,禁止对当前索引进行写操作 |
比如要禁止用户进行写操作:
PUT my_index/_settings
{
"blocks.write": true
}
再写入数据时,就会返回403错误。
恢复写操作:
PUT my_index/_settings
{
"blocks.write": false
}
4 查看索引
GET my_index/_mapping
返回结果:
{
"my_index": {
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
同时查看多个索引的setting信息:
GET my_index,my_index2/_mapping
查看集群中所有索引的setting信息:
GET _all/_settings
5 删除索引
DELETE my_index
如果删除的索引不存在,会报索引未找到异常。
6 索引的打开与关闭
索引关闭以后就几乎不会占用系统资源。
POST my_index/_close
关闭多个索引:
POST my_index,my_index2/_close
加上ignore_unavailable参数:
POST my_index,my_index2,my_index3/_close?ignore_unavailable=true
my_index3是不存在的,如果不加ignore_unavailable参数,则会抛出索引不存在错误。
关闭集群中所有索引:
POST _all/_close
以能配符方式关闭索引,关闭以test开头的索引:
POST test*/_close
7 复制索引
POST _reindex
{
"source":{"index":"my_index"},
"dest":{"index":"my_index3"}
}
Note1:目标索引不会复制源索引中的配置信息,_redinx操作之前需要设置目标索引的分片数、副本数等信息,如果没有设置,或者说原来就不存在my_index3,那么会新创建一个索引,并且使用默认配置信息;
Note2:_reindex实际上是用来复制索引文档的,因此如果my_index中没有文档,那么是不会新创建my_index3的;
可以在source中增加type和query来限制复制的文档:
POST _reindex
{
"source":{
"index":"my_index",
"type":"my_type",
"query":{
"term":{"title":"elasticsearch"}
}
},
"dest":{"index":"my_index3"}
}
8 收缩索引
直接参考官方文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/indices-shrink-index.html,非常详细。
The shrink index API allows you to shrink an existing index into a new index with fewer primary shards. The requested number of primary shards in the target index must be a factor of the number of shards in the source index. For example an index with 8
primary shards can be shrunk into 4
, 2
or 1
primary shards or an index with 15
primary shards can be shrunk into 5
, 3
or 1
. If the number of shards in the index is a prime number it can only be shrunk into a single primary shard. Before shrinking, a (primary or replica) copy of every shard in the index must be present on the same node.
Shrinking works as follows:
- First, it creates a new target index with the same definition as the source index, but with a smaller number of primary shards.
- Then it hard-links segments from the source index into the target index. (If the file system doesn’t support hard-linking, then all segments are copied into the new index, which is a much more time consuming process.)
- Finally, it recovers the target index as though it were a closed index which had just been re-opened.
收缩索引前的准备:
PUT /my_source_index/_settings
{
"settings": {
"index.routing.allocation.require._name": "shrink_node_name",
"index.blocks.write": true
}
}
进行索引的收缩:
POST my_source_index/_shrink/my_target_index
也可以添加其它一些配置信息:
POST my_source_index/_shrink/my_target_index
{
"settings": {
"index.number_of_replicas": 1,
"index.number_of_shards": 1,
"index.codec": "best_compression"
},
"aliases": {
"my_search_indices": {}
}
}
如果不太理解的话,就一定要好好阅读上面提供的官方文档链接。
9 索引别名
创建索引别名:
POST _aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"add": {
"index": "test1",
"alias": "alias1"
}
}
]
}
移除索引别名:
POST _aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"remove": {
"index": "test1",
"alias": "alias1"
}
}
]
}
Note1:一个索引可以有多个别名(添加多次就可以了),一个别名也可以对应多个索引(使用多次就可以了);
Note2:在使用别名的时候需要注意,如果别名和索引是一对一的,使用别名索引或者根据ID查询文档是可以的,但是如果别名和索引是一对多的,使用别名会发生错误,因为Elasticsearch不知道把文档写入哪个索引中去或者从哪个索引中读取文档;
查看某一个索引的别名:
GET my_index3/_aliases
结果:
{
"my_index3": {
"aliases": {
"alias_test": {},
"alias_test2": {}
}
}
}
查看一个别名所对应的索引:
GET alias_test/_aliases
结果:
{
"my_index3": {
"aliases": {
"alias_test": {},
"alias_test2": {}
}
},
"my_index2": {
"aliases": {
"alias_test": {}
}
},
"my_index": {
"aliases": {
"alias_test": {}
}
}
}
查看集群上所有的可用别名:
GET _all/_aliases
或
GET _aliases
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