MySQL字符集设置

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系统变量：
– character_set_server：默认的内部操作字符集
– character_set_client：客户端来源数据使用的字符集
– character_set_connection：连接层字符集
– character_set_results：查询结果字符集
– character_set_database：当前选中数据库的默认字符集
– character_set_system：系统元数据(字段名等)字符集
– 还有以collation_开头的同上面对应的变量，用来描述字符序。

登陆MySQL数据库:
C:\Users\duansf>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)


Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> 

一.查看MySQL数据库服务器和数据库MySQL的字符集：
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                         |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                          |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                          |
| character_set_database   | gbk                                                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                        |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                          |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                          |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                          |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


二.查看MySQL数据表（table）的MySQL字符集:

mysql> use test
Database changed


mysql> show table status from test like '%work%';
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name     | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length |
 Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time | Check_time | Collat
ion       | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
| workinfo | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |    1 |          16384 |       16384 |               0 |
        32768 |   9437184 |              4 | 2016-03-07 16:13:51 | NULL        | NULL       | utf8_g
eneral_ci |     NULL |                |         |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


三.查看MySQL数据列（column）的MySQL字符集:
mysql> show full columns from workinfo;
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
| Field    | Type        | Collation       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges
                 | Comment |
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
| id       | int(10)     | NULL            | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| name     | varchar(20) | utf8_general_ci | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| type     | varchar(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| address  | varchar(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| tel      | varchar(20) | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| wages    | int(11)     | NULL            | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| contents | tinytext    | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
| extra    | text        | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,u
pdate,references |         |
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)


解决字符集通讯设置不匹配的方法：
(修改默认的character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_result)
1. 重新编译mysql和php,mysql加入编译参数 –default-character-set=utf8
2. PHP程序在查询数据库之前，执行mysql_query(”set names utf8;”);
3.修改my.cnf，在[mysqld]中加入init-connect=”set names utf8” (对于超级用户连接该选项无效)
4. 启动mysqld 加入参数 –skip-character-set-client-handshake 忽略客户端字符集





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