mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离
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机器:192.168.21.139
完成实战之前的必要条件:主从复制环境搭建好。
1 MySQL Proxy
MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的Client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序,它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活,没有限制,常见的用途包括:负载平衡,故障、查询分析,查询过滤和修改等等。
MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理,简单的说,MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池,负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库,并且通过使用lua脚本,可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤,从而实现读写分离和负载平衡。对于应用来说,MySQLProxy是完全透明的,应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然,这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效,但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余,在应用云服务器的连接池配置中配置到多个proxy的连接参数即可。
MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”,基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询,让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。
2 读写分离架构
3 部署
主机名 | IP地址 | 系统版本 |
mysql-proxy | 192.168.21.139 | CentOS release 6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 |
mysql-master | 192.168.21.135 | CentOS release 6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 |
mysql-slave | 192.168.21.135 | CentOS release 6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 |
4安装软件
4.1安装基础依赖包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++autoconf libevent-devel pkgconfig libtool mysql-devel
4.2其他软件包
[root@zyl tools]# wgethttp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.22/glib-2.22.5.tar.gz
tar xf glib-2.22.5.tar.gz
cd glib-2.22.5
./configure--prefix=/usr/local/glib-2.22.5
make && make install
echo $?
wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
tar xf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
cd lua-5.1.4
sed -i's#^INSTALL_TOP=.*#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua-5.1.4#gi' ./Makefile
sed -i 's#^CFLAGS=.*#CFLAGS= -02-fPIC -Wall $(MYCFLAGS)#gi' ./src/Makefile
make linux install
echo $?
4.3安装mysql-proxy
tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz
cdmysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit
cd ..
cp -amysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit mysql-proxy
mv mysql-proxy /application/
cd /application/
ls
pkill mysql
netstat -lnput|grep 330
cd mysql
cd ../mysql-proxy/
ls
mkdir conf
mkdir logs
ls
cd ./conf/
ls
#添加到PATH环境变量
echo 'exportPATH=$PATH:/application/mysql-proxy/bin/' >>/etc/profile
tail -1 /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
which mysql-proxy
/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--help
vim ./mysql-proxy.cnf
#############################################
简单一个配置(192.168.21.135:单机多实例)
[mysql-proxy]
plugins=admin,proxy
admin-username=admin
admin-password=admin
admin-lua-script=/application/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/admin.lua
proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.21.135:3306 èmaster
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.21.135:3308èslave
proxy-lua-script=/application/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua
log-level=debug 日志的级别
keepalive=true 在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之;
daemon=true 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy;
log-file=/application/mysql-proxy/logs/proxy.log
##########################
chmod 0660 mysql-proxy.cnf
启动:
/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--defaults-file=/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
cat logs/proxy.log
[root@zyl tools]# netstat -lnpt|grep mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4040 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4261/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4041 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4261/mysql-proxy
4040是proxy端口;4041是admin端口,也就是管理。
5 mysql-master端操作
mysqlgrant all on *.* to 'zyl'@'192.168.21.139' identified by '888666';
mysql> flush privileges
##########################
多开几个终端,测试连接:
[root@zyl -master ]# mysql -u zyl -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040
[root@zyl mysql-proxy]# mysql-uadmin -P4041 -h 192.168.21.139 -padmin
mysql> select * from help;
+------------------------+------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+------------------------+------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |
| SELECT * FROM backends | liststhe backends and their state |
+------------------------+------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |
+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
| 1 | 192.168.21.135:3306 | unknown| rw |NULL | 0 |
| 2 | 192.168.21.135:3308 | unknown| ro | NULL | 0 |
+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
最终结果:
mysql> select * frombackends;
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid |connected_clients |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
| 1 |192.168.21.135:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 |
| 2 |192.168.21.135:3308 | up | ro | NULL | 0 |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
##出现两个up,那么分离成功了。
第二章遇见的问题总结
1.
[root@zyl lua-5.1.4]# make linuxinstall
cd src && make linux
make[1]: Entering directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'
make allMYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory-lncurses"
make[2]: Entering directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'
gcc -O2 -Wall -fPIC -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lua.o lua.c
在包含自 lua.h:16 的文件中,
从 lua.c:15:
luaconf.h:275:31:错误:readline/readline.h:没有那个文件或目录
luaconf.h:276:30:错误:readline/history.h:没有那个文件或目录
lua.c:在函数‘pushline’中:
lua.c:182:警告:隐式声明函数‘readline’
lua.c:182:警告:赋值时将整数赋给指针,未作类型转换
lua.c:在函数‘loadline’中:
lua.c:210:警告:隐式声明函数‘add_history’
make[2]: *** [lua.o]错误 1
make[2]: Leaving directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'
make[1]: *** [linux]错误 2
make[1]: Leaving directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'
make: *** [linux]错误 2
解决:
yum installlibtermcap-devel ncurses-devel libevent-devel readline-devel
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
[root@zyl tools]# mysql -u zyl -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040
ERROR 1105 (HY000): #07000MySQLProxy Lua script failed to load. Check the error log.
解决:
[root@zyl lua]# pkillmysql-proxy
[root@zyl lua]# cp./mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua/opt/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/
[root@zyl lua]# vim/opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/mysql-proxy
更改脚本:
检查这个脚本:--proxy-lua-script=/opt/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
[root@zyl lua]# mysql -u zyl -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040
注:因为rw-splitting.lua脚本默认有4个链接才启用分离;所以多开启几个终端;多测试几下;你也可以去修改里面的相关值;
改rw-splitting.lua读写分离脚本如下参数:
4.编译glib时报错
configure: error:
*** You must have either havegettext support in your C library, or use the
*** GNU gettext library.(http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html
解决:
[root@zyl glib-2.22.5]# yum install -y gettext
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.
[root@zyl conf]#/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--defaults-file=/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
2016-09-02 22:28:37: (critical)mysql-proxy-cli.c:326: loading config from'/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf' failed: permissions of/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf aren't secure (0660or stricter required)
2016-09-02 22:28:37: (message)Initiating shutdown, requested from mysql-proxy-cli.c:328
2016-09-02 22:28:37: (message) shuttingdown normally, exit code is: 1
解决:
[root@zyl mysql-proxy]# chmod0660 mysql-proxy.cnf
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