云监控Nagios如何安装
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1. Nagios简介
Nagios是一个可运行在Linux/Unix平台之上的开源监视系统,可以用来监视系统运行状态和网络信息。Nagios可以监视所指定的本地或远程主机以及服务,同时提供异常通知功能。在系统或服务状态异常时发出邮件或短信报警***时间通知网站运维人员,在状态恢复后发出正常的邮件或短信通知。
2. 相关环境
Host Name | IP | OS | Arch |
duangr-1 | 192.168.56.10 | CentOS 6.4 | x86_64 |
duangr-2 | 192.168.56.11 | CentOS 6.4 | x86_64 |
duangr-3 | 192.168.56.12 | CentOS 6.4 | x86_64 |
3. 部署规划
Nagios主节点需要安装:
nagios
nagios-plugin
nrpe
php
apache
Nagios从节点需要安装:
nagios-plugin
nrpe
安装路径规划
项 | 值 |
nagios安装路径 | /usr/local/nagios |
php安装路径 | /usr/local/php |
apache安装路径 | /usr/local/apache2 |
4. 代码获取
nagios-4.0.2.tar.gz
nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz
nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz
php-5.4.10.tar.gz
5. 前提依赖
5.1 主机环境检查(全部节点)
# rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 glibc-2.14.1-6.x86_64 glibc-common-2.14.1-6.x86_64 gd-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64 package gd-devel is not installed package xinetd is not installed openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64
若有缺失,请先安装. 可通过如下几个镜像网站下载相关安装包:
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.4/os/x86_64/Packages/
http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/6.4/os/x86_64/Packages/
安装后再次检查如下:
# rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 glibc-2.14.1-6.x86_64 glibc-common-2.14.1-6.x86_64 gd-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64 gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64 xinetd-2.3.14-38.el6.x86_64 openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64
6. 编译安装
6.1 创建用户nagios(全部节点)
useradd nagios -d /usr/local/nagios passwd nagios (密码自定义)
6.2 安装nagios主程序(主节点安装)
tar -zxf nagios-4.0.2.tar.gz cd nagios-4.0.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios make all make install && make install-init && make install-commandmode && make install-config
将nagios添加为服务
chkconfig --add nagios chkconfig nagios off chkconfig --level 35 nagios on chkconfig --list nagios nagios 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:关闭 5:启用 6:关闭
6.3 安装nagios插件(全部节点安装)
tar -zxf nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz cd nagios-plugins-1.5 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios make && make install
如果出现MySQL相关的编译错误,是mysql的默认安装路径被修改导致的,调整with-mysql后重新make
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql make && make install
6.4 安装NRPE(全部节点安装)
tar -zxf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz cd nrpe-2.15 ./configure --enable-command-args make all make install-plugin
下面步骤只需要在被监控节点执行
make install-daemon && make install-daemon-config && make install-xinetd
6.4.1 被监控节点配置
如果是被监控节点,需要配置NRPE已守护进程运行(通过xinetd来运行)
1、更改/etc/xinetd.d/nrpe文件,设置允许nagios主节点服务器连接
vi /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe only_from = 127.0.0.1 192.168.56.10
2、在/etc/services结尾增加:
nrpe 5666/tcp # NRPE
3、增加对参数的支持
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg dont_blame_nrpe=1
4、启动xinetd
service xinetd restart
5、验证nrpe是否监听
netstat -at | grep nrpe
6、测试nrpe是否正常运行
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.15
6.4.2 主节点配置
如果是监控服务主节点,在全部被监控节点NRPE配置完成后,可以依次做下检测
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.56.11 NRPE v2.15 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.56.12 NRPE v2.15
6.5 安装Apache(主节点安装)
tar -zxf httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz cd httpd-2.2.23 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 make && make install
6.6 安装PHP(主节点安装)
cd /export/home/tools/soft/php tar -zxf php-5.4.10.tar.gz cd /php-5.4.10 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs make && make install
6.7 使用apache 发布PHP的WEB
vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
.... Listen 80 ....DirectoryIndex index.html index.php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .... #setting for nagios ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"AuthType Basic Options ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all AuthName "Nagios Access" AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd Require valid-user Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share"AuthType Basic Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all AuthName "nagios Access" AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd Require valid-user
为web访问时添加用户名和密码(此处用户名为admin,可自定义)
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd admin
启动apache
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
访问页面:http://192.168.56.10/nagios/
7. 配置Nagios
7.1 配置远程被监控节点
7.1.1 修改配置文件
# su - nagios $ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
修改为如下配置内容:
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$ command[check_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -s $ARG3$ command[check_procs_args]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs $ARG1$ command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
以上监控命令功能:
check_users 监控登陆用户数
check_load 监控CPU负载
check_disk 监控磁盘的使用
check_procs 监控进程数量,状态包括 RSZDT
check_swap 监控SWAP分区使用
7.1.2 重启xinetd服务
配置完上述命令后,重启 xinetd服务
service xinetd restart
7.1.3 校验配置
检查监控命令配置是否ok
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_users -a 5 10 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_load -a 15,10,5 30,25,20 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_disk -a 20% 10% / /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_procs -a 200 400 RSZDT /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_swap -a 20% 10%
7.2 配置监控服务主节点
7.2.1 cgi.cfg(控制CGI访问的配置文件)
(使用 nagios 用户)
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg
修改如下内容,为admin用户增加权限:
default_user_name=admin authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,admin authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,admin
7.2.2 nagios.cfg(nagios主配置文件)
(使用 nagios 用户)
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
#cfg_file=/export/home/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg (注释掉) cfg_dir=/export/home/nagios/etc/servers
主配置文件声明了监控脚本的存储路径为 ./servers,默认没有此目录,需要手工创建
nagios 会读取 servers 目录下面后缀为.cfg的全部文件作为配置文件
cd /usr/local/nagios/etc mkdir servers cd servers
7.2.3 定义监控的主机组
声明一个监控的主机组,将主机环境中提到的三台主机全部加入监控
vi /export/home/nagios/etc/servers/group.cfg
新文件,内容如下:
define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name duangr-server alias duangr Server members duangr-1,duangr-2,duangr-3 }
解释下上面的配置:
hostgroup_name: 主机组的名称,可随意指定
alias: 主机组别名,可随意指定
members: 主机组成员,多个主机名称之前使用逗号分隔。另外主机名称必须与 define host 中host_name 一致。
主机的定义,后面会说到。
7.2.4 定义监控的主机
下面开始定义具体的主机
7.2.4.1 本地主机监控配置
先定义本地主机 duangr-1
vi /export/home/nagios/etc/servers/duangr-1.cfg
新文件,内容如下:
define host{ use linux-server host_name duangr-1 alias duangr-1 address 192.168.56.10 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Host Alive check_command check-host-alive } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Users check_command check_local_users!20!50 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description CPU check_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Disk Root check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/ } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Disk Home check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/export/home } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Zombie Procs check_command check_local_procs!5!10!Z } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Total Procs check_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-1 service_description Swap Usage check_command check_local_swap!20!10 }
说明下,由于是此主机也是监控服务主节点所在主机,因此可以使用check_local_* 的相关命令来进行监控。
这个文件中已经将常用的监控项配置进去。
7.2.4.2 远程主机监控配置
再定义远程主机duangr-2和duangr-3
定义远程主机的监控之前,需要先定义check_nrpe命令
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
在文件的***面添加如下内容:
# 'check_nrpe' command definition define command{ command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -t 30 -c $ARG1$ } define command{ command_name check_nrpe_args command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -t 30 -c $ARG1$ -a $ARG2$ }
定义duangr-2主机的监控配置
$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/duangr-2.cfg
新文件,内容如下:
define host{ use linux-server host_name duangr-2 alias duangr-2 address 192.168.56.11 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Host Alive check_command check-host-alive } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Users check_command check_nrpe_args!check_users!5 10 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description CPU check_command check_nrpe_args!check_load!15,10,5 30,25,20 } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Disk Root check_command check_nrpe_args!check_disk!20% 10% / } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Disk /export/home check_command check_nrpe_args!check_disk!20% 10% /export/home } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Procs Zombie check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs!5 10 Z } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Procs Total check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-w400 -c600" } define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description Swap Usage check_command check_nrpe_args!check_swap!20% 10% } ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; 下面是一些常用进程的监控,主要是云平台相关进程 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; 监控crond进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: crond check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Ccrond" } ;; 监控zookeeper进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: QuorumPeerMain check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.quorum.QuorumPeerMain" } ;;监控storm的从节点进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: supervisor check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -adaemon.supervisor" } ;; 监控storm的主节点进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: nimbus check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -adaemon.nimbus" } ;; 监控MetaQ进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: MetaQ check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -ametamorphosis-server-w" } ;; 监控redis进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: redis-server check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Credis-server" } ;; 监控hadoop主节点NameNode进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: NameNode check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.namenode.NameNode" } ;; 监控hadoop主节点SecondaryNameNode进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: SecondaryNameNode check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.namenode.SecondaryNameNode" } ;; 监控hadoop主节点ResourceManager进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: ResourceManager check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.resourcemanager.ResourceManager" } ;; 监控hadoop从节点DataNode进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: DataNode check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.datanode.DataNode" } ;;监控hadoop从节点NodeManager进程 define service{ use local-service host_name duangr-2 service_description PS: NodeManager check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.nodemanager.NodeManager" }
说明下,由于duangr-2是远程主机,因此使用check_nrpe_args命令来监控.
这个文件中已经将常用的监控项配置进去, 同时还包含了hadoop、storm、zookeeper、metaq、redis的相关进程监控,主要的监控思路是判断进程是否存在。
定义duangr-3主机的监控配置
vi duangr-3.cfg
内容与duangr-2.cfg类似,只需要修改 host_name 、alias、 address即可.
7.2.4.3 邮件监控
定义监控人邮件地址
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
define contact{ contact_name nagiosadmin ; Short name of user use generic-contact ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above) alias Nagios Admin ; Full name of user email yourname@domain.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ****** }
除了配置监控邮件的接收人外,还要确保:
本主机与邮件服务器互通
本主机SendMail可以使用外部SMTP服务发送邮件
7.2.4.4 校验配置
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
7.2.4.5 启动
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
nagios已经是一个服务,也可以执行如下操作:
service nagios start/stop/restart/status
8. 监控页面
http://192.168.56.10/nagios
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