Nagios 对主机的监控分为2种，像服务，端口，ping之类的监控属于外部信息监控；像内存，磁盘，swap这些信息的监控属于内部信息监控。外部信息监控可以通过安装Nagios 插件补丁来实现例如check_ping ；内部信息监控则需要通过NRPE 插件来实现，其原理为：客户机NRPE插件收集相关信息，服务端通过check_nrpe 来采集相关信息，并做相关处理。

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       一、监控外部信息

       监控外部信息，只需要参照Nagios(二) 将Nagios 服务搭建起来，并且配置好欲监控的主机和服务即可。

1. 配置hosts.cfg
[root@server ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg
define host{
       use    linux-server
       host_name      node-1
       alias          lamp
       address        192.168.30.110
}

2. 配置services.cfg
[root@server etc]# vim services.cfg
define service{
       use    generic-service
       host_name      node-1
 service_description    ping
       check_command  check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
       max_check_attempts 5
       normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
       use    generic-service
       host_name      node-1
 service_description    tcp
       check_command  check_tcp!22
       max_check_attempts 5
       normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
       use    generic-service
       host_name      node-1
 service_description    http
       check_command  check_http
       max_check_attempts 5
       normal_check_interval 1
}

3.将services.cfg和hosts.cfg 引用进nagios

[root@server ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services.cfg

4.用nagios自带的检查命令检查其配置是否正确
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

注意：由于这条命令较长而且使用的频率也较高，所以可以通过以下的方法快捷的运用
[root@server ~]# vim .bashrc
alias check='/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg'

[root@server ~]# source .bashrc
这样使用check命令即可直接调用-v 的命令，但只是当前登录有效。

命令运行结果如下：
[root@server ~]# check

Nagios Core 3.2.0
Copyright (c) 2009 Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors
Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad
Last Modified: 08-12-2009
License: GPL

Website: http://www.nagios.org
Reading configuration data...
  Read main config file okay...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services.cfg'...
Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg'...
  Read object config files okay...

Running pre-flight check on configuration data...

Checking services...
       Checked 11 services.
Checking hosts...
       Checked 2 hosts.
Checking host groups...
       Checked 1 host groups.
Checking service groups...
       Checked 0 service groups.
Checking contacts...
       Checked 1 contacts.
Checking contact groups...
       Checked 1 contact groups.
Checking service escalations...
       Checked 0 service escalations.
Checking service dependencies...
       Checked 0 service dependencies.
Checking host escalations...
       Checked 0 host escalations.
Checking host dependencies...
       Checked 0 host dependencies.
Checking commands...
       Checked 24 commands.
Checking time periods...
       Checked 5 time periods.
Checking for circular paths between hosts...
Checking for circular host and service dependencies...
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...

Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:  0                      # 这里显示没有错误和警告说明启动没问题了

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

5. 重启nagios
[root@server ~]# service nagios restart
Running configuration check...done.
Stopping nagios: done.
Starting nagios: done.

6. 测试

监控服务：

监控主机：

至此，nagios 监控外部信息完成！

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