获取对象类型：

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一、type

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
   def __init__(self, name, score):
       self.name = name
       self.score = score
   def run(self):
       print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
   def run(self):
       print 'Dog is run'

print type(dog.run)

print type(Animal)

import types #导入模块types
print type('abc')==types.StringType #判断'abc'是否为字符串类型

print type(u'abc')==types.UnicodeType

print type([])==types.ListType

print type(int)==type(str)==types.TypeType  #所有的类型都是TypeType

二、isinstance类型

对于继承关系class，用isinstance最为方便。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
   def __init__(self, name, score):
       self.name = name
       self.score = score
   def run(self):
       print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
   def run(self):
       print 'Dog is run'

print isinstance(dog, Dog) and isinstance(dog, Animal)

三、attr类型

1. getattr()

• getattr(object, name[, default])¶

• Return the value of the named attribute of object.  name must be a string. If the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, the result is the value of that attribute.  For example, getattr(x, 'foobar') is equivalent tox.foobar.  If the named attribute does not exist, default is returned if provided, otherwise AttributeError is raised.

  对象的状态存在，则返回状态值，若不存在，则返回AttributeError:信息

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
   def __init__(self, name, score):
       self.name = name
       self.score = score
   def run(self):
       print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
   def run(self):
       print 'Dog is run'

dog = Dog('Pity', 98)
dog.run()

print getattr(dog, 'name')

print getattr(dog, 'run')

print getattr(dog, 'd')

2.hasattr()

• hasattr(object, name)¶

• The arguments are an object and a string.  The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not. (This is implemented by calling getattr(object, name) and seeing whether it raises an exception or not.)

  参数是对象和字符串，如果字符串是对象中的，返回True,否则返回False

  
  

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
   def __init__(self, name, score):
       self.name = name
       self.score = score
   def run(self):
       print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
   def run(self):
       print 'Dog is run'

dog = Dog('Pity', 98)

print hasattr(dog, 'color')

3.setattr()

• setattr(object, name, value)¶

• This is the counterpart of getattr().  The arguments are an object, a string and an arbitrary value.  The string may name an existing attribute or a new attribute.  The function assigns the value to the attribute, provided the object allows it.  For example, setattr(x, 'foobar', 123) is equivalent tox.foobar = 123.

  设置属性变量

  
  

   #!/usr/bin/env python3
   # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

  class Animal(object):
      def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
     def run(self):
        print 'Animal is run'

  class Dog(Animal):
     def run(self):
        print 'Dog is run'

  dog = Dog('Pity', 98)

 setattr(dog, 'color', '0xff00ff')
 print dog.color

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